Rabu, 06 Maret 2013

ENGLISH: Pola dan Struktur VERB Kata Kerja



Fungsi Verbs

Verbs (Kata Kerja) adalah kata yang menunjukkan suatu perbuatan, kondisi atau keadaan. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, Verbs biasanya disingkat dengan (v). Verbs biasanya berposisi sebagai predikat kal...
imat.

Berdasarkan fungsinya di dalam sebuah kalimat mempunyai berbagai Pola dan struktur yang berbeda-beda. Berikut ini akan dijelaskan sedikit tentang pola dan struktur dari Kata Kerja seperti penjelasan di atas tadi :

1. SUBJECT * INTRANSITIVE VERB

Kata Kerja Intransitif adalah Kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek seperti mendidih, berkicau, membeku, dll.

Contoh :

Water boils.
(Air mendidih)
My father sleeps.
(Ayah saya tidur)
Water freezes.
(Air membeku)
I go to office by car.
(Saya pergi ke kantor mengendarai mobil)

2. SUBJECT * TRANSITIVE VERB * DIRECT OBJECT

Kata Kerja Transitif harus memiliki minimal 1 buah Objek. Direct Object (Objek Langsung) adalah objek langsung dari Kata kerja atau predikat kalimat.

Perhatikan contoh kalimat Bahasa Indonesia di bawah ini :

Ibu membelikan saya sebuah boneka.

Pada kalimat di atas, ada 2 buah objek, yaitu “ saya ” dan “ sebuah boneka “. Ini artinya ada Objek Langsung dan Objek Tidak langsung.

Bagaimana mengetahui yang mana Objek langsung dari sebuah kalimat? Cara yang paling mudah adalah dengan menanyakan pertanyaan berikut :

Ibu Membeli apa ? Boneka

Untuk siapa? Saya

Dengan menanyakan “ apa? ” maka kita akan tahu bahwa itulah Objek langsungnya.

Contoh Kalimat :

My brother is eating a manggo.

(Adik saya sedang makan mangga)

He calls the police.

(Dia menelpon polisi)

The secretary wrote a letter.

(Sekretaris itu menulis sebuah surat)

3. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * ADVERB PARTICLE

Ada beberapa Kata kerja yang diikuti oleh Particles (Misalnya : put on, take off, give away, bring up, call in). Kadang-kadang Particle tersebut dipisahkan dengan kata kerjanya dan diletakkan setelah Objek Langsung (Direct Object).

Contoh :

He turns the light on.

(Dia menghidupkan lampu)

When I came, he was taking his coat off.

(Ketika saya tiba, dia sedang membuka jasnya)

You should bring him up harder.

(Anda harus menjaganya dengan lebih keras lagi)

Catatan :

Particle diletakkan setelah Objek apabila Object-nya adalah Personal Pronoun (e.g. him, them, me, us, it) atau Objeknya sangat singkat. Namun apabila Objeknya panjang maka letakkan Particle tersebut sebelum Objeknya.

Contoh :

He turns on the new Spanish light.

(Dia menghidupkan lampu baru bergaya Spanyol itu)

When I came, he was taking off his new leather coat.

(Ketika saya tiba, dia sedang membuka jaket kulit barunya)

You should bring up the lazy and stupid boy.

(Anda harus menjaga anak yang malas dan bodoh itu)

4. SUBJECT * VERB * INDIRECT OBJECT * DIRECT OBJECT

Pola di atas digunakan apabila Objek Tak Langsung (Indirect Object) lebih pendek dari Objek Langsungnya (Direct Object) atau Objek Langsungnya (Direct Object) satu kesatuan makna yang apabila dipisah malah membuat kesalahpahaman.

Contoh :

My mother bought me a doll.

(Ibu saya membelikan saya sebuah boneka)

She gave me a flower.

(Dia memberikan saya sekuntum bunga)

They send him a present.

(Mereka mengiriminya sebuah hadiah)

5. SUBJECT * VERB * DIRECT OBJECT * PREPOSITION * INDIRECT OBJECT

Pola ini digunakan apabila Objek Langsung lebih pendek dari pada Objek Tak Langsung atau apabila Objek Langsungnya adalah satu kesatuan makna yang perlu mendapatkan penekanan makna.

Contoh :

My mother bought a doll for my little step sister.

(Ibu saya membelikan sebuah boneka adik tiri saya yang masih kecil)

She gave flowers to everyone here.

(Dia memberikan sekuntum bunga kepada setiap orang yang ada disini)

She will give a present to anybody who can find her purse.

(Mereka memberikan sebuah hadiah kepada siapa saja yang dapat menemukan dompetnya)

6. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * COMPLEMENTS

Complement adalah Objek Pelengkap.

Contoh :

They call me the Legend.

(Mereka memanggil saya Sang Legenda)

My father named my baby Arman Maulana.

(Ayah saya menamakan anak saya dengan nama Arman Maulana)

I post him my assistant.

(Saya mengangkatnya sebagai asisten saya)

7. SUBJECT * BE * COMPLEMENT

Kata Kerja “be” diikuti oleh Subject Complement. Subject Complement terdiri dari Kata Benda, Kata Sifat, Kata Keterangan atau Frase Kata Keterangan.

Contoh :

I am an English teacher.

(Saya seorang guru Bahasa Inggris)

My father is a pilot.

(Ayah saya adalah seorang pilot)

My mother is a chef.

(Ibu saya seorang koki)

Beberapa Kata Kerja Intransitif juga dapat diikuti oleh Subject Complements.

She looks beautiful.

(Dia terlihat cantik)

The cake tastes nice.

(Kue itu terasa enak)

It sounds interesting.

(Kedengarannya menarik)

8. SUBJECT * VERB * QUESTION WORD * INFINITIVE

Pada pola ini, “question word * infinitive” berfungsi sebagai Objek Langsung.

Contoh :

I don’t know where to go.

(Saya tak tahu kemana harus pergi)

She wondered how I can climb the wall so easily.

(Dia ingin tahu bagaimana saya bisa memanjat dinding itu dengan mudah)

9. SUBJECT * VERB * INDIRECT OBJECT * QUESTION WORD * INFINITIVE

Pola ini hampir sama dengan pola No.8, namun bedanya didahului oleh sebuah objek tak langsung.

Contoh :

He asked me where I lived?

(Dia bertanya dimana saya tinggal)

My teacher told me where I should go.

(Guru saya mengatakan kepada saya kemana saya harus pergi)

10. HAVE (OR GET) * OBJECT * PAST PARTICIPLE

Pola seperti di atas biasanya diajarkan pada materi Causative. Pola ini menjelaskan bahwa Subjek menginginkan Objek untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan.

Contoh :

I have him cleaned the toilet.

(Saya memintanya untuk membersihkan toilet)

She got me brought her novel.

(Dia meminta saya untuk membawakan novelnya)

11. THE… THE…

Pola ini disebut juga dengan Parallel Comparison. Artinya adalah “ makin…., makin…. ”

Contoh :

The shorter, the better.

(Makin cepat, main baik)

The harder you study, the more successful you are.

(Makin keras kamu belajar, makin sukseslah kamu)

12. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * INFINITIVE

Pola ini biasanya diajarkan pada materi Infinitive.

Contoh :

I heard him sing a song.

(Saya mendengar dia menyanyikan sebuah lagu)

I saw you walk across the street.

(Saya melihatmu berjalan menyebrang jalan)

13. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * TO INFINITIVE

Pola ini juga biasanya diajarkan pada materi Infinitive.

Contoh :

I want him to sing a song.

(Saya mau dia menyanyikan sebuah lagu)

I order you to walk across the street.

(Saya menyuruhmu berjalan menyebrang jalan)

14. SUBJECT * VERB * V-ING

Pola ini biasanya diajarkan pada materi Gerunds.

Contoh :

I forget bringing my book.

(Saya lupa membawa buku saya)

I avoid meeting him.

(Saya menghindar bertemu dengannya)

Mimin ^^
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The pattern and structure of the VERB the verb functions of Verbs Verbs (verb) is a word which shows an Act, condition or circumstance. In the United Kingdom, usually abbreviated with Verbs (v). Verbs usually plays as the predicate of the sentence.

Based on their function in a sentence has a variety of different patterns and structures. The following will explain a bit about the pattern and structure of Verbs such as explanation above: 1. the SUBJECT of the INTRANSITIVE VERB * Verb intransitive verb is a verb that does not need boiling objects such as, Twitter, freezes, etc.

Example: Water boils.
(Boiling water)
My father sleeps.
(My dad)
Water freezes.
(Water freezes)
I go to the office by car.
(I go to drive a car)

2. the SUBJECT of the TRANSITIVE VERB * * DIRECT OBJECT of transitive Verbs must have a minimum 1 piece of the object. The Direct Object (the object Directly) is the direct object of a verb or predicate sentence.

Note the example sentences below Indonesian Language: MOM bought me a doll.

In the sentence above, there are two objects, i.e. "I" and "a doll". This means that there is a Direct Object and an indirect Object.

How to know which Object directly from a sentence? The easiest way is to ask the following question: I Bought what? Doll for whom? Me by asking "what?" then we will know that that is the direct Object.

Example Sentence: My brother is eating a manggo.

(My sister was eating a mango)

He calls the police.

(He'll call the police)

The secretary wrote a letter.

(The Secretary wrote a letter)

3. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * ADVERB PARTICLE there are several verbs that are followed by Particles (for example: a put on, take off, give away, bring up, call in). Sometimes the Particle separated by the verb and the direct Object must be located after (Direct Object).

Example: He turns the light on.

(He turned on the lights)

When I came, he was taking his coat off.

(When I arrived, he was opening his suit)

You should bring him up is harder.

(You have to take care of her with the harder)

Note: the Particle is placed after the object if the Object is a Personal Pronoun (e.g., him, them, me, us, it) or the object is very short. But when the object is long, then place the Particle before its objects.

Example: He turns on the new Spanish light.

(She brings the stylish new headlights that Spain)

When I came, he was taking off his new leather coat.

(When I arrived, she was opening her new leather jacket)

You should bring up the lazy and stupid boy.

(You have to keep that lazy and stupid)

4. the SUBJECT OBJECT VERB * * INDIRECT * DIRECT OBJECT Pattern above is used in Indirect Objects (Indirect Object) is shorter than its direct Object (Direct Object) or object Directly (Direct Object) of a whole deeper meaning when separated in fact create misunderstandings.

Example: My mother bought me a doll.

(My mother bought me a doll)

She gave me a flower.

(He gave me a flower)

They send him a present.

(They sent her a gift)

5. SUBJECT * VERB * DIRECT OBJECT PREPOSITION * * INDIRECT OBJECT Pattern is used when the direct Object is shorter than the Indirect Object or if the direct Object is the one that needs to get the meaning of unity suppression of meaning.

Example: My mother bought a doll for my little step sister.

(My mother bought a half-sister me dolls are still small)

She gave flowers to everyone here.

(She gives a flower to each person here)

She will give a present to anybody who can find her purse.

(They give a prize to anyone who can find their wallets)

6. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * Complement COMPLEMENTS is an object Complement.

Example: They call me the Legend.

(They call me The Legend)

My father named my baby Arman Maulana.

(My dad called my son with the name Arman Maulana)

I post him my assistant.

(I picked it up as my Assistant)

7. * BE * SUBJECT COMPLEMENT of the verb "be" followed by a Subject Complement. Subject Complement consists of a noun, adjective, Adverb or Adverb Phrase.

Example: I am an English teacher.

(I am a United Kingdom language teachers)

My father is a pilot.

(My father was a pilot)

My mother is a chef.

(My mother was a chef)

Some Verb intransitive verb can also be followed by Subject Complements.

She looks beautiful.

(She looks gorgeous)

The cake tastes nice.

(Cakes that taste good)

It sounds interesting.

(Sounds interesting)

8. the SUBJECT of the VERB * QUESTION * WORD * INFINITIVE In this pattern, "question word * infinitive" serves as the direct Object.

Example: I don't know where to go.

(I do not know where to go)

She wondered how I can climb the wall so easily.

(She would like to know how can I climb up that wall with ease)

9. * SUBJECT VERB INDIRECT OBJECT * QUESTION * WORD * INFINITIVE this pattern similar to patterns of no. 8, but the difference is preceded by an indirect object.

Example: He asked me where I short-lived?

(He asked me where I live)

My teacher told me where I should go.

(My teacher told me where I must go) 10. HAVE (OR GET) * OBJECT * PAST PARTICIPLE Pattern as above are usually taught at the Causative material. This pattern tells us that the subject wants the object to do a job.

Example: I have him cleaned the toilet.

(I asked him to clean the toilet)

She got me brought her novels.

(He asked me to bring his novel) 11. THE ... THE ...

This pattern is also known as the Parallel Comparison. It is "more and more ...., .... "Example: The shorter, the better.

(Faster, play well)

The harder you study, the more successful you are.

(The more you learn, the more hard sukseslah you) 12. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * INFINITIVE this pattern usually taught in Infinitive material.

Example: I heard him sing a song.

(I heard her sing a song)

I saw you walk across the street.

(I saw you walk across the road) 13. SUBJECT * VERB * OBJECT * TO INFINITIVE this pattern also usually taught in Infinitive material.

Example: I want him to sing a song.

(I'd like him to sing a song)

I order you to walk across the street.

(I told you to run across the street) 14. SUBJECT * VERB * V-ING these patterns typically taught material Gerunds.

Example: I forget bringing my book.

(I forgot to bring my book)

I • avoid meeting him.

(I managed to meet her)

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